AbstractBackground: Spinal dysraphism is a congenital malformation of the spinal cord that may present with significant neurological deficits. Early diagnosis using imaging techniques such as CT and MRI plays a crucial role in managing these conditions. This study aimed to assess the radiological features of spinal dysraphism, including its types, associated anomalies, and clinical manifestations in pediatric patients.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted over a one-year period from January 2018 to December 2018 at the Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally. The study included 50 pediatric patients with clinical features suggestive of spinal dysraphism, such as lumbosacral swelling, motor and sensory deficits, and cutaneous stigmata. CT and MRI imaging were performed on all patients, and radiological findings were categorized into types of spinal dysraphism and vertebral anomalies.
Results: The cohort consisted of 28 males and 22 females with a mean age of 4.65 years. Open spinal dysraphism, particularly myelomeningocele (76%), was the most common, while occult dysraphism accounted for 20% of cases. Neurological manifestations were observed in 80% of patients with open spinal dysraphism, whereas they were less common in occult dysraphism. Cutaneous signs like palpable masses and dermal dimples were observed in a significant number of cases. Vertebral anomalies, including spina bifida, were present in 90% of patients.
Conclusion: This study emphasizes the high prevalence of open spinal dysraphism in pediatric patients and the critical role of radiological imaging in early diagnosis. The findings suggest that CT and MRI are essential tools for detecting not only the dysraphism itself but also associated vertebral anomalies, which are important for planning treatment. Early intervention can significantly improve the quality of life for affected children.
